would rather tend to disprove the popular belief that the Jew is highly intelligent. The highest-scoring group today is Jews, but in 1923, when most American Jews were recent immigrants, Brigham reported that "our figures. One of the main findings of American intelligence testing in Brigham's day was that immigrants were less intelligent than native-born Americans, with the most recent crop of immigrants being the least intelligent ever.
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In his book analyzing the results of the intelligence tests that the Army had given recruits during the First World War, for example, Carl Brigham, an early psychometrician and the father of ETS's leading test, the Scholastic Aptitude Test, reported that the highest-scoring identifiable group was Princeton students - this at a time when, by today's standards, Princeton was a den of carousing rich boys. The overall results of intelligence tests have always produced a kind of photograph of the existing class structure, in which the better-off economic and ethnic groups are found to be more intelligent and the worse-off are found to be less so. Most psychometricians considered intelligence to be a substantially inherited, biologically grounded trait. The leading intelligence-testing researchers tended to be true believers who thought they had found a way to measure the one essential human ability - what the British psychometrician Charles Spearman, in a famous 1904 article, called "the general factor," or g. The article considerably troubled Henry Chauncey, the head of the fledgling Educational Testing Service.Įven in 1948 the debate over IQ tests, which were not yet fifty years old, had an eternal quality. The authors believed that intelligence tests were a fraud - a way of wrapping the fortunate children of the middle and upper-middle classes in a mantle of scientifically demonstrated superiority.
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Havighurst, were well-known liberal educators Davis had written a book about the plight of young Negroes in the South, called Children of Bondage, and was one of the first black professors ever to get a job at a white university Havighurst had recently worked as a consultant to the president of Harvard, James Bryant Conant. IN the April, 1948, issue of a publication called The Scientific Monthly an article appeared under the title "The Measurement of Mental Systems (Can Intelligence Be Measured?)." The authors, W.